Mechanism of Th2 related inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of eczema / 药学实践杂志

Eczema is a common clinical inflammatory skin disease characterized by severe itching and recurrent attacks.Its etiology is complex, including a variety of internal and external factors.The main mechanism is related to the imbalance of Th2immune response, and related inflammatory factors play an important role.Epithelial-derived factor like thymic stromal lymphopoietin and interleukin-33could trigger Th2immune imbalance and promote the secretion of type inflammatory factors such as interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-13.These inflammatory factors will further induce eosinophilic granulocytosis and IgE formation.In this paper, the research progress of mechanism of type 2related inflammatory factors in eczema were reviewed, which provided the great significance for treatment.

302 cases of adverse drug reaction reports / 药学实践杂志

Objective To study the features,general patterns and predisposing factors of adverse drug reactions(ADR) occurred in our hospital and to provide the guidance for rational and safe use of drugs in clinic.Methods 302 cases of ADR were reported from September 2015 to September 2017 in our hospital.Age distribution,gender,route of administration,drug categories,systems or organs involved,clinical manifestations,adverse reaction types involved in ADRs were analyzed retro-spectively.Results Among the 302 ADR reports,137 cases are male patients(accounting for 45.4%)and 165 cases were fe-male patients(accounting for 54.6%).27.8% of ADR was related to anti-infective agents.70.2% of ADR came from oral ad-ministration and 24.8% ADR was due to intravenous administration.The main clinical manifestations of ADR were lesion of skin and its appendants(61.6%)and followed by the digestive system injury(15.9%).Conclusion The multiple factors may lead to high frequency of ADR.In order to promote rational drug use and reduce the occurrence of ADR,clinicians should pay attention to the ADR monitoring and strictly follow the clinical indications of medications.

Effects of Timosaponin AⅢ on Cell Growth of Two Kinds of Melanoma and Macrophage Activation / 中国药师

Objective:To observe the effect of timosaponin AⅢon the proliferation of cultured melanoma B16 and A375 cells and nitrite produced from macrophage activation. Methods:MTT assay was adopted to detect the cell growth inhibition. The morphological changes of B16 and A375 cells were observed under an inverted microscope. Nitrite production of activated mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) plus IFN-γ was measured by Griess assay. Results: Timosaponin AⅢ could significantly inhibit the growth of B16 cells at the concentration of 16 μmol·L-1 after the 48- and 72-hour treatment, and significantly inhibit the growth of A375 cells at the concentration ranged from 4 to 16 μmol·L-1 after the 48-and 72-hour treatment. Shrinkage, vacuoles and necrosis of B16 and A375 cells were observed after the 48-and 72-hour treatment by 16μmol·L-1 timosaponin AⅢ,the other concentration of timosaponin AⅢ showed no notable effect on B16 cells and vacuoles of A375 cells appeared at the concentration from 4 to 16 μmol· L-1. Compared with RAW 264. 7 stimulated LPS plus IFN-γ,timosaponin AⅢ could significant inhibit nitrite production of macro-phage inflammatory cell model at the concentration of 10μmol·L-1(P<0. 01). Conclusion:Timosaponin AⅢcan inhibit the prolif-eration of melanoma B16 and A375 cells and macrophage inflammation,suggesting it has anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects . The anti-tumor effect of timosaponin AⅢ may be related to the inhibition of tumor inflammation.

Diabetes mellitus ulcers treatment with Bletilla striata polysaccharide / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Bletilla striata polysaccharide on diabetes mellitus ulcers. Diabetes mellitus animal model was established by single ip injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg x kg(-1)) with the criteria of blood glucose > or = 16.7 mmol x L(-1) after 72 h. 4 weeks after STZ injection, each animal received two full thickness incisional wounds (1.8 cm in diameter). The wounds then were divided into B. striata polysaccharide group and PBS group. Wound closure rate, fibroblast (FB) infiltration, hydroxyproline (OHP) content and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were examined on day 3, 7, 14, 21 post wound. The treatment of B. striata polysaccharide significantly facilitated diabetes mellitus ulcers healing compared to PBS group. Histological analysis showed that B. striata polysaccharide markedly increased inflammatory cell infiltration in wound area. The herb also strongly evaluation of FB, OHP demonstrated a significantly increased in B. striata polysaccharide group. B. striata polysaccharide group promoted wound closure by means of enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration and re-epithelialization, and the promotion of FB and OHP levels.

Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by excessive ROS/RNS-metabolic cardiovascular disease and traditional Chinese medicines intervention / 中国中药杂志

Metabolic cardiovascular disease is a type of disease which almost caused by body carbohydrate and lipid metabolism dysfunction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a typical metabolic disease. It not only lead to the insulin resistance but also related to atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress is produced by the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Oxidative stress and its consequence events play important roles in atherosclerosis (AS). Mitochondria are both sources and targets of reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), and there is growing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction may be relevant intermediate mechanism by which cardiovascular risk factors lead to the formation of vascular lesions. Several cardiovascular risk factors are demonstrated causes of mitochondrial damage. This review starts with excessive ROS/RNS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The authors emphasize the relationship among axis of excessive ROS/RNS-mitochondrial dysfunction-apoptosis-atherosclerosis. They also introduce several traditional Chinese medicines such as Ophiopogon japonicus, butin, Panax ginseng, Pueraria lobata, Solanum lyratum and so on in the treatment of relevant diseases through anti-ROS/RNS mechanism. Moreover, the TCMs also can anti-cancer and anti-fatigue,which show the speciality of TCMs different from the single effect of classical western medicines.

Study on effect of total saponins from Semen Nigellae on inflammatory mediators and ERK/MAPK pathway in stimulated macrophage / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the anti-inflammatory mechanism of total saponins from Semen Nigellae (TSSN).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>IFN-gamma plus LPS stimulated RAW 264. 7 macrophage has been used as inflammatory experimental model. Griess reaction for nitric oxide production, FRAP assay for total antioxidant capacity, RT-PCR for mRNA expression and Western blot for protein expression examination were performed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>TSSN inhibited NO production in a dose-dependent manner. The gene and protein expression of iNOS were also suppressed by the herb extract. TSSN treatment significantly attenuated mRNA of inflammatory mediators such as COX-2, IL-1beta, IL-6 while increased PPAR-gamma gene and protein expression. Furthermore, phosphorylation of ERK (p-ERK) was markedly inhibited by TSSN.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TSSN suppressed pro-inflammatory mediators such as COX-2, IL-1beta, IL-6 and increased anti-inflammatory mediator PPAR-gamma expression. Meanwhile, TSSN inhibited over production of NO and iNOS expression through ERK/MAPK pathway.</p>